New Drug Development isbig and inherently uncertain business, as recent years have shown. In the modern era, we hear time and again, of aborted clinical trial programmes, drug withdrawals, expensive litigations and negative publicity to the pharmaceutical industry. If we look at the Balance sheet, new products enter the markets after a mindboggling expenditure of billions of dollars spent over decades of investment in the R&D of a single compound. Not only in terms of currency, but also in terms of human effort and loss of viable therapies, the expenditure is mammoth.